NCERT Class 10 Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation MCQs for UPSC

1. In early twentieth-century industrial imagery (such as the famous 1901 trade illustration 'Two Magicians'), how was the contrast between traditional Eastern mysticism and modern Western industrial progress allegorized?

1. A.Aladdin represented the Orient, the East and the past, while the modern mechanic stood for the West, technology, and modernity.
2. B.Aladdin represented industrial factory owners, while the mechanic represented rural agricultural serfs.
3. C.Both figures represented the decline of Mediterranean maritime trade.
4. D.Aladdin represented European silk merchants, while the mechanic stood for American slave traders.

2. Why did merchants from European towns move to the countryside in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries during the phase of 'proto-industrialisation'?

1. A.Because urban town authorities completely banned international maritime commerce.
2. B.Because powerful urban craft and trade guilds regulated production, competition, and prices, and held monopoly rights granted by rulers that restricted new merchants.
3. C.Because steam engines could only be operated in open rural farmlands.
4. D.Because rural peasants possessed exclusive patents on cotton weaving machinery.

3. In the proto-industrial cloth production network in England, what specific role did London play before textiles were sold in international markets?

1. A.London was the primary center for growing raw cotton crops.
2. B.London served exclusively as a detention colony for unemployed hand spinners.
3. C.London was known as a 'finishing centre', where cloth was brought after spinning, weaving, fulling, and dyeing before export.
4. D.London was the only port where wool staplers were legally prohibited from trading.