Study Material and Current Affairs

Basic Structure Doctrine of the Indian Constitution: Evolution, Cases & Elements for UPSC
Polity8/26/2026

Basic Structure Doctrine of the Indian Constitution: Evolution, Cases & Elements for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide to the Basic Structure Doctrine, tracing the Article 13 vs 368 conflict from Shankari Prasad to Kesavananda Bharati, Minerva Mills, I.R. Coelho, and the catalog of basic features recognised by the Supreme Court.

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Citizenship in Indian Constitution (Articles 5 to 11): Acquisition, Termination & CAA for UPSC
Polity8/25/2026

Citizenship in Indian Constitution (Articles 5 to 11): Acquisition, Termination & CAA for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide to Part II of the Indian Constitution (Articles 5 to 11), exploring the Citizenship Act 1955, modes of acquisition and loss, citizen-only rights, CAA 2019, and the NRI vs OCI matrix.

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Union and its Territory (Articles 1 to 4): Reorganisation, Evolution & Land Boundaries for UPSC
Polity8/25/2026

Union and its Territory (Articles 1 to 4): Reorganisation, Evolution & Land Boundaries for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide to Part I of the Indian Constitution (Articles 1 to 4), analyzing the reorganisation procedure, Berubari Union 1960 ruling, Dhar/JVP/Fazal Ali commissions, 100th Amendment LBA, and evolution to 28 States and 8 UTs.

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Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: Sources, Structure & Philosophy for UPSC
Polity8/25/2026

Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: Sources, Structure & Philosophy for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide to the salient features of the Indian Constitution, exploring its borrowed sources matrix, blend of rigidity and flexibility, federal structure with unitary bias, parliamentary system, integrated judiciary, schedules 1 to 12, and constitutional philosophy.

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Making of the Indian Constitution: Constituent Assembly, Committees & Drafting for UPSC
Polity8/23/2026

Making of the Indian Constitution: Constituent Assembly, Committees & Drafting for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide to the making of the Indian Constitution, exploring the demand genesis, Cabinet Mission Plan, composition and working of the Constituent Assembly, major committees, Drafting Committee, enactment, and key historical facts.

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Historical Background of the Indian Constitution: Regulating Act 1773 to Independence Act 1947 for UPSC
Polity8/23/2026

Historical Background of the Indian Constitution: Regulating Act 1773 to Independence Act 1947 for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide to the constitutional and administrative evolution of India from 1773 to 1947, covering the Company Rule, Crown Rule, structural legacies, Government of India Acts 1919 and 1935, and the Indian Independence Act 1947.

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Emergency Provisions in Indian Constitution (Articles 352 to 360): Types, Effects & S.R. Bommai for UPSC
Polity8/19/2026

Emergency Provisions in Indian Constitution (Articles 352 to 360): Types, Effects & S.R. Bommai for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide to Part XVIII of the Indian Constitution, analyzing National Emergency (Art 352), President's Rule (Art 356), Financial Emergency (Art 360), Article 358 vs 359, the 44th Amendment safeguards, and S.R. Bommai guidelines.

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⚖️Polity
Polity8/19/2026

Preamble of the Indian Constitution: Text, Philosophy, Amendability & Basic Structure for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution, exploring the exact text, historical genesis (Objectives Resolution), key philosophical terms, judicial evolution from Berubari to Kesavananda Bharati, and the Basic Structure doctrine.

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⚖️Polity
Polity8/18/2026

Major Constitutional Amendments in India: 1st to 106th Amendment Acts, Article 368 & Landmark Cases for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide to major Constitutional Amendment Acts from the 1st to 106th Amendment, covering Article 368 procedures, Basic Structure evolution, landmark cases, and high-yield Prelims notes.

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⚖️Polity
Polity8/18/2026

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and Fundamental Duties: Complete UPSC Guide

A comprehensive UPSC analysis of Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV, Articles 36–51) and Fundamental Duties (Part IVA, Article 51A), covering the 3-fold classification, constitutional amendments, the 2024 Supreme Court ruling on Article 39(b), and the Minerva Mills doctrine of harmonious balance.

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⚖️Polity
Polity8/18/2026

Fundamental Rights in Indian Constitution (Articles 12 to 35): Writs, Exceptions & Landmark Cases for UPSC

A complete guide to Fundamental Rights under Part III of the Indian Constitution, covering Articles 12 to 35, Article 32 Writs, reasonable restrictions, emergency suspensions, and landmark Supreme Court judgments for UPSC CSE.

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⚖️Polity
Polity8/18/2026

Constitutional, Statutory and Non-Constitutional Bodies in India: Complete Comparison Matrix for UPSC

A comprehensive UPSC guide comparing Constitutional, Statutory (including Regulatory), and Executive/Non-Statutory Bodies in India, covering Articles, statutory acts, appointment committees, tenure, removal under Article 317, and institutional autonomy.

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⚖️Polity
Polity8/16/2026

Important Articles of Indian Constitution: Complete List (Part I to XXII), Schedules & Key Amendments for UPSC

A comprehensive guide to the complete parts (Part I to XXII), most important articles of the Indian Constitution, 12 Schedules, and landmark Constitutional Amendments for UPSC Prelims & Mains (GS Paper II).

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Indian Polity: MCQs
Polity3/9/2024

Indian Polity: MCQs

Test Your Knowledge: Indian Polity Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Test your understanding of Indian Polity with these MCQs! Strengthen your knowledge of the Constitution and governance for active citizenship.

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⚖️Polity
Polity10/22/2021

Polity MCQs : Salient features of the Constitution

Q. 21) Originally Constitution of India contained a preamble and A. 395 Articles, 8 schedulesB. 396 Articles, 12 schedulesC. 395 Articles, 12 SchedulesD. 340 Articles, 8 schedules Ans: A. 395 Articles, 8 schedules. Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any sovereign nation in the world. The original text of the Constitution contained 395 [...]

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⚖️Polity
Polity10/22/2021

Indian Polity MCQs : Making of the constitution

Q.11) The idea of a constituent assembly for India was put forward for the first time by . . . A. M.N.Roy B. Motilal Nehru C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak D. Bipin Chandra Pal Ans : A. M.N. Roy Q.12) On ........ Jawaharlal Nehru moved the historic ‘Objective Resolution’ in the constituent assembly. A. December 11, 1946 B. December [...]

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Fundamental Duties
Polity10/7/2021

Fundamental Duties

The Fundamental Duties were incorporated in Part IV-A of the Constitution. Today, there are 11 Fundamental Duties described under Article 51-A, of which 10 was introduced by the 42nd Amendment and the 11th was added by t? it wAmendment in 2002. They are inspired by the constitution of erstwhile USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). In 1976, congress party set up the Sardar Swaran [...]

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⚖️Polity
Polity10/22/2021

Indian Polity MCQs : Historical Acts

Q. 1] Supreme Court at Calcutta established under which of the following act? A. Regulating act of 1773 B. Pitt’s India act of 1784 C. Charter act of 1793 D. Charter Act of 1813 Ans : A) Regulating act of 1773. This act provided for the establishment of Supreme court at Calcutta ( Established in 1774). Supreme [...]

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